New Jersey is three years into implementing one of the nation’s most ambitious lead service line replacement laws — a 10-year mandate to identify and remove all lead service lines statewide. The early trends show something important: unknown service lines are declining, inventories are becoming clearer, and utilities are building the capacity to replace lead at scale. But the data also reveals complexity — verification challenges, outreach hurdles, funding constraints, and the reality that replacement is as much about logistics and trust as it is about engineering.